by ZenOps » Tue Apr 24, 2012 10:31 am
Nickel is notoriously hard to mine and mint. Copper, silver and gold are all easily made into coins, and have been for thousands of years.
Nickel is a much more recent monetary metal, the US had great difficulty minting 25% nickels in 1866, several had "weak strikes" and "die cracks", and Canada had several "weak strike" 99.9% nickels from 1922 to 1929 (Pure nickel is incredibly difficult to make coins with, even today)
Its also hard to refine, as the temperature is higher than other metals and has dangerous fumes.
In reality, nickel is much more expensive from an energy expendature standpoint to extract, smelt, refine, mint and recover than any other monetary metal. Which makes a pure nickel quite an achievement IMO. Its no wonder that most of the nickel was extracted back when oil was $3.39 a barrel.
Arugably, it was cheaper to not only use silver for the war nickels, they were also much easier to mint - just because of the softness of silver and manganese. Copper is so soft by nature, that they have to harden it with 5% zinc or 3% tin to make it usable as a coin - otherwise it would deform within the first few years of usage. I think I heard somewhere that it takes about two orders of magnitude more energy to press a nickel coin, than a copper coin (IE: one ton for a copper, 100 tons of force for a nickel or something to that effect)
Beaver collector